Pickup Patterns

What are the different pickup patterns mentioned in the video?  How are each of them different from each other?  Why would these be needed?

The first pickup pattern listed is the omnidirectional pattern. It's perfect for interviews, moving subjects, and omnidirectional mics are the easiest to understand. Simply put, omnidirectional microphones record from every direction. You usually want to use this pattern to record sound such as ambience, a press conference, or a moving talking head. The second mic pattern listed is the cardioid, its perfect for documentary recording, weddings, events. A cardioid pickup pattern is a highly flexible pattern that is great for all-purpose. A hypercardioid is perfect for on camera mics, documentary recording, and instrument recording. It's a directional pickup pattern that is great for isolating audio, while you may find some lav mics with hypercardioid pickup patterns, you'll typically only see this pickup pattern in shotgun mics. 

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